I'm sure you didn't install the extractor in backwards but you probably did put the ejector in backwards. Part of the learning process in understanding the correct name of the parts and you are doing a very good job of that. The extractor is in the bolt and extracts the spent casing from the chamber when the lever is opened.The ejector spits the spent case out or the receiver as the bolts pulls the spent casing to the rear. The extractor will not go in backwards but the ejector can be installed backwards. No sweat, anyone who has ever worked on these rifles has done what you did. You are gaining some great knowledge. I'm glad you gave it a shot. As I mentioned earlier, some parts (springs, pins, etc.) are interchangeable between rifles but levers and bolts are not. They might kinda work like what you just experienced, but I have never been successful swapping bolts and levers between 39's or 39A's. It just does not work. Please understand that when these rifles were manufactured, gunsmiths had to machine and hand fit the parts to work smoothly and function correctly in every individual rifle. It's not like today. Back then, Marlin had craftsman build these rifles. The bolt on this rifle doesn't look right to me and could be the cause of the trouble especially if you cannot find an etching that matches the serial number. It could be that someone fired a bunch of high velocity ammo through it and broke the bolt and had to replace it and this could be the result. I'm not saying that is the problem, I'm saying that is a reasonable explanation. The pitting pattern on the receiver doesn't match that of the bolt, and if it were original, it should, and that causes me to wonder. Also, in my opinion, whoever owned this rifle previously obviously didn't take care of it, left it to rust and eventually that neglect causes the pitting issues and they didn't care about maintenance and those types of people almost always do sloppy work and rarely care about doing anything right.