This question comes up regularly. 38-55 and 375 Win or two distinct cartridges and their respective rifles have distinct chambers and bores. That being said, they are similar enough that one cartridge PROPERLY PREPARED AND LOADED can be shot in the other rifle. I do it and others on here have posted that they do it to no ill effect. I am talking about reloading 38-55 brass with the proper sized bullet to fire in the 375 Win chamber. What is the proper size bullet? You have to slug your bore to find that answer. You should not rely on hearsay from anyone or even on published specs, they may be off by several thous of an inch. As others have stated before, you do not want to try to PUSH A GOLF BALL DOWN A GARDEN HOSE ! But you CAN push a .379 cast lead bullet through a .377 Marlin bore. In fact it is recommended to run a cast bullet one to two thous larger than the bore. When I shoot jacketed bullets, I run Hawk .377 soft copper jackets. I have never had a problem with the 38-55 brass length. The throat of the Marlin chamber is long enough to handle 38-55, but I choose Starline 38-55 1.08" (short) brass. The other question was, "Why would anyone want to shoot a cartridge in a firearm for which it was not designed?" I'll tell you, the same reason so many shoot 223 in 5.56 chamber. The same reason we shoot 38 Spl in 357 mag. The same reason we shoot 22 short, long and LR in the same chamber. BECAUSE OF INTERCHANGEABILITY and BECAUSE WE MAY HAVE TO OUT OF NECESSITY and BECAUSE (if we pay attention to detail) WE CAN. I do not advocate shooting factory or full-house 375 in a 38-55 rifle, either new or vintage. If you are not comfortable or don't have the knowledge to reload, I don't advocate you doing what I do either.