the shorter the better - to a degree.
18-20" would be ideal...and would allow for the majority of the powder in the .308 case to burn.
A shorter barrel is stiffer than a longer one of the same diameter or profile. if you need any proof of this, try bending a 2" piece of half inch dowel with your fingers. then do the same to a 20" piece.
Stiffer barrel = more accurate.
Now, you just have to cut your barrel, and crown it accurately. Perhaps an 11 degree target crown with a kit from brownells? Now yer talkin...and all you have left to do is to work up a load for your favorite .308

Many folks have written that with all things the same, cutting the barrel will shrink your groups and affect your downrange trajectory as little as 3MOA @ 1000yds. That's not alot guys... and with careful load development, and a slightly faster powder, you could get those 3MOA back quickly if you really needed to. Personally, I think a lot of sportmen could take clues from what LEO/SWAT and military snipers have been saying and finding lately. A carbine length barrel does NOT affect accuracy.
Now...if your ONLY concern was (since this is a VARMINT GUN) giving the barrel enough metal to heat up, think about this. I PERSONALLY think you would be better off with a sporter weight barrel that is capable of throwing 6 or so rounds before seeing deflection from heat than a heavy barrel that takes longer to cool off. it's all in the surface area and I'd love to have the time and assets to prove this out, but i'm thinking a sporter that could fire 6 in rapid succession (in a minute) then return to ambient temp in 5 4-5 mins would be better than a bull barrel that can lob 20 rounds and require an hour to return to ambient...
now...who has a bull barrel and alot of ammo so we can test this little theory?
